海产贝类的市场调查

通过对海产贝类品种、价格、产地和消费意愿的市场调查,讨论了海产贝类的市场前景、食品安全的问题及发展贝类养殖的现实意义。     

HPLC-ICP-MS法同时测定贝类中5种砷形态化合物

采用水-甲醇(1:1,V/V)溶液超声波辅助萃取,建立了同时快速测定贝类中砷胆碱、砷甜菜碱、亚砷酸、砷酸和4-氨基苯胂酸等5种砷形态的高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱(HPLC-ICP-MS)分析方法。对萃取溶液浓度、超声波辅助萃取温度和时间等条件进行了优化。选用Hamilton PRP-X100阴离子分析柱,以50 mmol/L碳酸铵-甲醇(99:1,V/V)溶液为流动相,进行梯度洗脱对5种砷形态分离,并优化了质谱测试条件。试验结果表明,5种砷形态达到很好的分离效果,在质量浓度为0~100μg/L的范围内与其对应的峰面积均具有良好的线性关系,线性相关系数r²均大于0.999,检出限在0.2~0.60μg/L之间,两水平样品加标回收率在90.5%~103.5%之间,方法的精密度在1.6%~4.2%之间。     

北部湾出口贝类中麻痹性贝类毒素的风险评估

麻痹性贝类毒素是一种神经性毒素,其自古以来就是一种人类避之唯恐不及的毒素,人类摄入因食用有毒藻类后产生麻痹性贝类毒素的贝类水产品会引起麻痹性贝类中毒,中毒症状以神经系统中毒症状为主,严重时会导致死亡。近年来,国外不断有因食用贝类产品而中毒的报道,引起人们的高度关注。文章从危害鉴定、危害特征描述、暴露评估、风险特征描述等方面综述了北部湾麻痹性贝类毒素在出口贝类中的风险评估。     

世界贝类产业变动趋势研究:基于产量视角

作为国家贝类产业经济研究的系列成果之一,本文首先把贝类作为一个整体,从全球尺度上,考察了贝类总产量、养殖产量、捕捞产量变化趋势和各期增减情况;从国别尺度上考察了各主要国家贝类总产量、捕捞产量的变化趋势和各期增减情况,分别从全球和国别尺度上考察了选定年份按总产量、捕捞产量高低排序的全球前五大主产国(或地区);随后沿用同样的研究方法,分别梳理了各主要物种组养殖产量、捕捞产量的变化趋势和各期增减情况,以及选定年份各主要物种组养殖产量、捕捞产量的构成情况。基本理清了世界贝类产量变动趋势及特征,以便进一步动态观察、研究、预测世界贝类产业的发展走向。     

Consumer Analysis in Ethnic Live Seafood Markets in the Northeast Region of the United States

During September through November of 2006, in-store intercept surveys of consumers who buy live seafood in retail markets in New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania revealed that the average live seafood consumer makes 6.2 visits per month, spends $14.80 per visit on live seafood, travels 7.8 miles mainly by car, and is purchasing for 3.7 people in his or her household. Consumers value physical appearance of the product over price, generally have no preference for either “Product of the USA” or imported, and generally have no preference for either wild-caught or farm-raised. Many had no preference whether their fish was alive or dead before leaving the store, but if the fish is to be slaughtered in-store, preferred to have their fish gutted or filleted. Consumers generally prefer to purchase live seafood during the winter months and on either a Friday or Saturday.     

A Bioeconomic Analysis of a Shellfishery: The Effects of Recruitment and Habitat in a Metapopulation Model

This paper presents a bioeconomic model wherefishing effort exerted has multiple impacts onthe recruitment process of a sedentaryshellfish population. Recognizing thatsedentary populations generally possessmetapopulation characteristics at therecruitment stage, we show that fishing effortexerted not only influences the recruitmentprocess indirectly by limiting the number ofadults that spawn, but also directly byaffecting the habitat in which shellfish larvaerecruit. Depending on the recruitmentcharacteristics, fishing can have negative andpositive direct and indirect effects on therecruitment process. Next, a positive directeffect that fishing can have on the growth rateof the shellfish population if space to recruitto is limited is studied. Generalcharacteristics of sustainable fishing areanalyzed for the case that recruitment occursimmediately once spawning has occurred as wellas for the case that recruitment takes placeover a longer period of time. Conditions areidentified under which shellfishing should beencouraged in order to facilitate therecruitment process of juveniles. The paperends by analyzing how fishing alters theoptimal sustainable solution when itcontributes to habitat destruction.     

我国贝类养殖管理现状及建议

我国是贝类养殖大国。随着贝类养殖种类和养殖方式渐趋多样、养殖技术日益成熟以及养殖面积不断扩大,我国贝类养殖产量越来越高。养殖面积和养殖产量的增加带来了诸多亟待解决的技术和管理问题,但较之于技术层面的研究,有关我国贝类养殖制度建设和管理方面的研究明显滞后和匮乏。科学有效的管理是确保贝类养殖健康、稳定和可持续发展的重要保障。本文从国内有关贝类养殖的法律法规、行政管理体系、生产过程管理和行业协会发展等方面,介绍了我国当前贝类养殖管理的概况,指出其中存在的问题,在此基础上提出了改进建议。     

贝类食品中腹泻性贝类毒素检测能力验证结果分析

目的:通过参加国家食品安全风险评估中心组织的贝类食品中腹泻性贝类毒素检测的能力验证计划来确认及提高本实验室对腹泻性贝类毒素的检测能力.方法:依据《2020年国家食品污染和有害因素风险监测工作手册》中的腹泻性贝类毒素测定的标准操作程序,采用液相色谱-串联质谱法对收到的贝类盲样进行检测,外标法定量.结果:样品编号为02-F...     

易燃易爆化学物品如何安全度夏

叙述了易燃易爆化学危险品在夏季生产、储存、运输、使用和保存过程中,易发生事故的原因和防止办法。     

世界软体动物主要物种组产量变动趋势研究

过去60余年来,世界软体动物主要物种组产量呈现出总体稳定增长、个别年份有所波动的趋势。1990年以前10年期产量增幅均超过35％,20世纪90年代增长最快,2000—2008年间增幅变小。20世纪70年代初9养殖产量超过捕捞产量,2008年在主要物种组产量中所占份额高达86％。2008年,各物种组按产量高低排序为蛤类、牡蛎、扇贝、贻贝、鲍鱼和螺类,各大洲按产量高低排序为亚洲、美洲和欧洲,前10大生产国为中国、日本、美国、韩国、泰国、智利、法国、西班牙、意大利、加拿大。